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Safety and serviceability assessment for high-rise tower crane to turbulent winds

Zhi SUN, Nin HOU, Haifan XIANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 18-24 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0009-2

摘要： Tower cranes are commonly used facilities for the construction of high-rise structures. To ensure their workability, it is very important to analyze their response and evaluate their condition under extreme conditions. This paper proposes a general scheme for safety and serviceability assessment of high-rise tower crane to turbulent winds based on time domain buffeting response analysis. Spatially correlated wind velocity field at the location of the tower crane was first simulated using an algorithm for generating the time domain samples of a stationary, multivariate stochastic process according to some prescribed spectral density matrix. The buffeting forces applied to the structure were computed according to the above-simulated wind velocity fluctuations and the lift, drag, and moment coefficients obtained from a CFD computation. Those spatially correlated loads were then fed into a well calibrated finite element model and the nonlinear time history analysis was conducted to compute structural buffeting response. Compared with structural on-site response measurement, the computed response using the proposed method has good precision. The proposed method is then adopted for analyzing the buffeting response of an in-use tower crane under the design wind speed and the maximum operational wind speed for safety and serviceability assessment.

关键词： tower crane buffeting response wind velocity modeling

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湍流效应对桁架式桥梁断面气动弹性性能影响的研究

Hoang Trong Lam, Hiroshi Katsuchi, Hitoshi Yamada

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第6期页码 845-853 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.10.001

摘要：

本文介绍了在不同湍流条件下通过随机系统识别（SSI）方法提取颤振导数（FD）的过程。研究旨在通过对节段模型风洞试验来研究湍流对悬索式大跨度桥梁的影响。针对不同的湍流特性，对桁架式桥梁断面进行了几项风洞试验，包括降低湍流强度和湍流尺度。研究包括湍流对模型动态响应的影响。利用系统识别技术提取FD，对风洞试验中的瞬态响应和抖振响应进行了分析，同时讨论了该方法存在的困难。利用时域SSI 同时从一自由度（1DOF）和二自由度（2DOF）系统提取所有的FD。最后，讨论了不同情况下的结果并得出结论。

关键词：颤振导数系统识别湍流效应抖振响应

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大跨度桥梁抗风技术挑战与基础研究

项海帆,葛耀君

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第9期页码 8-21

摘要：

以我国30年大跨度桥梁的快速发展为研究背景，对3种大跨度桥梁的抗风技术挑战进行了基础性研究和应用性研究，着重探讨了悬索桥的颤振性能及其控制、斜拉桥风振性能与拉索风雨振控制、拱式桥涡激共振及其控制、特大桥梁风振精细化理论等一系列抗风关键问题。研究结果表明：悬索桥的颤振稳定性跨径上限约为1 500 m，超过甚至接近这一上限时，必须采取措施改善加劲梁的抗风稳定性；千米级大跨度斜拉桥仍具有足够高的颤振临界风速，其主要抗风问题是长拉索的风雨振动；大跨径拱桥除了个别有涡振问题之外，还没有受到结构抗风性能的影响。文章还提出了三维桥梁颤振精确分析的全模态方法、任意斜风作用下桥梁抖振频域分析方法、基于二阶矩理论和首次超越理论的桥梁颤振和抖振可靠性评价方法，揭示了桥梁颤振演化规律、驱动机理和控制原理。

关键词：悬索桥斜拉桥拱桥颤振抖振涡振

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Control efficiency optimization and Sobol’s sensitivity indices of MTMDs design parameters for buffeting

Nazim Abdul NARIMAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 66-89 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0356-8

摘要： This paper studies optimization of three design parameters (mass ratio, frequency ratio and damping ratio) of multiple tuned mass dampers MTMDs that are applied in a cable stayed bridge excited by a strong wind using minimax optimization technique. ABAQUS finite element program is utilized to run numerical simulations with the support of MATLAB codes and Fast Fourier Transform FFT technique. The optimum values of these three parameters are validated with two benchmarks from the literature, first with Wang and coauthors and then with Lin and coauthors. The validation procedure detected a good agreement between the results. Box-Behnken experimental method is dedicated to formulate the surrogate models to represent the control efficiency of the vertical and torsional vibrations. Sobol’s sensitivity indices are calculated for the design parameters in addition to their interaction orders. The optimization results revealed better performance of the MTMDs in controlling the vertical and the torsional vibrations for higher mode shapes. Furthermore, the calculated rational effects of each design parameter facilitate to increase the control efficiency of the MTMDs in conjunction with the support of the surrogate models.

关键词： MTMDs power spectral density fast Fourier transform minimax optimization technique Sobol’s sensitivity indices Box-Behnken method

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基于气动模型的大跨度桥梁抖振与颤振的比较评估

Igor Kavrakov, Guido Morgenthal

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第6期页码 823-838 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.11.008

摘要：

风致振动通常代表了大跨度桥梁设计的主要标准。桥梁空气动力学中的气动力主要基于准定常和线性非定常理论。本文旨在通过比较多跨斜拉桥在临界架设条件下的动力响应，进而推演出不同时域自激力与抖振力的表达式。这类混凝土箱梁桥是用于大型河流交叉口的典型参考对象。本文从模型复杂性的角度进行分析，对比了气动模型中隐含的气动参数，如气动阻尼和气动刚度、抖振力和自激力中的流体记忆、气动非线性和气动耦合等对桥梁响应的影响。选定的模型用于研究一定风速范围内的结果，该风速范围对于考虑两种湍流度情况的施工过程是典型范围。此外，还提出了一种计算包括气动导纳在内的抖振力的简化方法，避免了有理逼近。在层流流动下，也将对根据所选模型计算得到的临界颤振风速进行对比。

关键词：抖振颤振大跨度桥梁桥梁空气动力学桥梁气动弹性架设阶段

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Control of wind-induced vibration of long-span bridges and tall buildings

GU Ming

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 51-62 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0005-3

摘要： With the rapid increase in scales of structures, research on controlling wind-induced vibration of large-scale structures, such as long-span bridges and super-tall buildings, has been an issue of great concern. For wind-induced vibration of large-scale structures, vibration frequencies and damping modes vary with wind speed. Passive, semiactive, and active control strategies are developed to improve the wind-resistance performance of the structures in this paper. The multiple tuned mass damper (MTMD) system is applied to control vertical bending buffeting response. A new semiactive lever-type tuned mass damper (TMD) with an adjustable frequency is proposed to control vertical bending buffeting and torsional buffeting and flutter in the whole velocity range of bridge decks. A control strategy named sinusoidal reference strategy is developed for adaptive control of wind-induced vibration of super-tall buildings. Multiple degrees of freedom general building aeroelastic model with a square cross-section is tested in a wind tunnel. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategies can reduce vibration effectively, and can adapt to wind-induced vibration control of large-scale structures in the uncertain dynamic circumstance.

关键词： torsional buffeting large-scale semiactive adjustable frequency building aeroelastic

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Development of a seismic design method based on response spectra for building structures

ZHOU Xiyuan, YU Ruifang

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 129-141 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0014-2

摘要： The assumption and problem of the mode-superposition response spectrum method in seismic design code is discussed based on a brief review of the development of the seismic design method for building structures. The scope of application for the classical damping theory is analyzed and the necessity of the research on mode-superposition method for non-classical damping is presented. The progresses on the mode superposition response spectrum theory are discussed. This includes: 1) the complex mode superposition method (in real form) for the non-classically damped linear system and the general calculation formula for the application of code; 2) the complex complete quadratic combination (CCQC) method for the non-classically damped linear system, which is based on the same assumptions as in deducing the complete quadratic combination (CQC) method which is popularly used in seismic design codes of many countries; 3) the complex complete quadratic combination with three components (CCQC3) method, which is a generalization of the CCQC method to the case of multi-components and multiple-support seismic excitations and deducing corresponding method; 4) the approach for calculation of seismic response of the non-classically damped system with overcritical damping and the calculation method of seismic response for the linear system with multiple eigenvalues; 5) the time-dependent CCQC (t) algorithm considering nonstationary earthquake ground motion; 6) an applied and effective method to solve the low order complex vector basis for the large linear non-classically damped system, which can be expediently used in practice to avoid the unknown errors coming from the forced uncoupling method; 7) bringing forward the concept of partial quadratic combination in order to reduce the calculation amount of CQC and CCQC methods, and studying the primary estimation-criterion. The reasonability and applicable scope of these methods are also briefly discussed in this paper.

关键词： generalization classical damping mode-superposition response calculation formula damping theory

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Confining pressure effect on dynamic response of high rockfill dam

Xuexing CAO, Yunlong HE, Kun XIONG,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 116-126 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0014-5

摘要： Studies show that the dynamic properties of rockfill are strongly dependent on the confining pressure. Therefore, confining pressure effect has become a very important factor in the seismic analysis of high rockfill dam. The relationships of dynamic shear modulus versus dynamic shear strain and damping ratio versus dynamic shear strain had been improved to a certain degree on the basic of widely used Hardin-Drnevich constitutive model in this paper. Then a new model that could consider confining pressure effect has been established. Regression analysis was carried out of the dynamic triaxial experimental data of the damming materials in the Changheba hydropower station of Sichun Province, China. The results show that, the new model can fit the test data well under various confining pressures. A corresponding computational procedure was compiled and applied in the dynamic response analysis of the Changheba Dam. Comparing the calculation results between the new constitutive model and the ordinary Hardin-Drnevich model, it can be seen that the result is conservative to some extent without considering confining pressure effect.

关键词： confining pressure effect high rockfill dam dynamic response Hardin-Drnevich constitutive model

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Topology optimization of transient problem with maximum dynamic response constraint using SOAR scheme

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第3期页码 593-606 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0636-4

摘要： This paper proposes a novel method for the continuum topology optimization of transient vibration problem with maximum dynamic response constraint. An aggregated index in the form of an integral function is presented to cope with the maximum response constraint in the time domain. The density filter solid isotropic material with penalization method combined with threshold projection is developed. The sensitivities of the proposed index with respect to design variables are conducted. To reduce computational cost, the second-order Arnoldi reduction (SOAR) scheme is employed in transient analysis. Influences of aggregate parameter, duration of loading period, interval time, and number of basis vectors in the SOAR scheme on the final designs are discussed through typical examples while unambiguous configuration can be achieved. Through comparison with the corresponding static response from the final designs, the optimized results clearly demonstrate that the transient effects cannot be ignored in structural topology optimization.

关键词： topology optimization solid isotropic material with penalization transient response aggregation function second-order Arnoldi reduction

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Dynamic response of precast segmental bridge columns under heavy truck impact

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 327-349 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0911-z

摘要： Considering the wide application of precast segmental bridge columns (PSBCs) in engineering practice, impact-resistant performance has gained significant attention. However, few studies have focused on PSBCs subjected to high-energy impacts caused by heavy truck collisions. Therefore, the behavior of PSBCs under a heavy truck impact was investigated in this study using high-fidelity finite element (FE) models. The detailed FE modeling methods of the PSBCs and heavy trucks were validated against experimental tests. The validated modeling methods were employed to simulate collisions between PSBCs and heavy trucks. The simulation results demonstrated that the engine and cargo caused two major peak impact forces during collision. Subsequently, the impact force, failure mode, displacement, and internal force of the PSBCs under heavy truck impacts were scrutinized. An extensive study was performed to assess the influence of the section size, truck weight, impact velocity, and number of precast segments on the impact responses. The truck weight was found to have a minor effect on the engine impact force. Damage was found to be localized at the bottom of the three segments, with the top remaining primarily undamaged. This parametric study demonstrated that larger cross-sections may be a preferred option to protect PSBCs against the impact of heavy trucks.

关键词： precast segmental bridge columns heavy truck collision dynamic response

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Dynamic response surface methodology using Lasso regression for organic pharmaceutical synthesis

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 221-236 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2061-y

摘要： To study the dynamic behavior of a process, time-resolved data are collected at different time instants during each of a series of experiments, which are usually designed with the design of experiments or the design of dynamic experiments methodologies. For utilizing such time-resolved data to model the dynamic behavior, dynamic response surface methodology (DRSM), a data-driven modeling method, has been proposed. Two approaches can be adopted in the estimation of the model parameters: stepwise regression, used in several of previous publications, and Lasso regression, which is newly incorporated in this paper for the estimation of DRSM models. Here, we show that both approaches yield similarly accurate models, while the computational time of Lasso is on average two magnitude smaller. Two case studies are performed to show the advantages of the proposed method. In the first case study, where the concentrations of different species are modeled directly, DRSM method provides more accurate models compared to the models in the literature. The second case study, where the reaction extents are modeled instead of the species concentrations, illustrates the versatility of the DRSM methodology. Therefore, DRSM with Lasso regression can provide faster and more accurate data-driven models for a variety of organic synthesis datasets.

关键词： data-driven modeling pharmaceutical organic synthesis Lasso regression dynamic response surface methodology

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Persistence of humoral and cellular immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection: opportunities and challenges

Tangchun Wu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第6期页码 816-819 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0823-4

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Applications of thermostatically controlled loads for demand response with the proliferation of variable

Meng SONG, Wei SUN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 64-73 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0732-5

摘要： More flexibility is desirable with the proliferation of variable renewable resources for balancing supply and demand in power systems. Thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) attract tremendous attentions because of their specific thermal inertia capability in demand response (DR) programs. To effectively manage numerous and distributed TCLs, intermediate coordinators, e.g., aggregators, as a bridge between end users and dispatch operators are required to model and control TCLs for serving the grid. Specifically, intermediate coordinators get the access to fundamental models and response modes of TCLs, make control strategies, and distribute control signals to TCLs according the requirements of dispatch operators. On the other hand, intermediate coordinators also provide dispatch models that characterize the external characteristics of TCLs to dispatch operators for scheduling different resources. In this paper, the bottom-up key technologies of TCLs in DR programs based on the current research have been reviewed and compared, including fundamental models, response modes, control strategies, dispatch models and dispatch strategies of TCLs, as well as challenges and opportunities in future work.

关键词： thermostatically controlled load demand response renewable energy power system operation

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Modeling of dynamic response of poroelastic soil layers under wave loading

Mehmet Bar?? Can üLKER

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 1-18 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0233-2

摘要： In this paper, the dynamic response of saturated and layered soils under harmonic waves is modeled using the finite element method. The numerical results are then verified by corresponding analytical solutions which are also developed by the author. The equations governing the dynamics of porous media are written in their fully dynamic form and possible simplifications are introduced based on the presence of inertial terms associated with solid and fluid phases. The response variations are presented in terms of pore water pressure and shear stress distributions within the layers. It is determined that a set of non-dimensional parameters and their respective ratios as a result of layering play a major role in the dynamic response.

关键词： dynamic response of soils coupled flow-deformation finite elements analytical solution harmonic waves

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Seismic response reduction of a three-story building by an MR grease damper

Tomoki SAKURAI, Shin MORISHITA

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第2期页码 224-233 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0413-6

摘要：

This paper describes an application of magneto-rheological (MR) grease dampers as seismic dampers for a three-story steel structure. MR fluid is widely known as a smart material with rheological properties that can be varied by magnetic field strength. This material has been applied to various types of devices, such as dampers, clutches, and engine mounts. However, the ferromagnetic particles dispersed in MR fluid settle out of the suspension after a certain interval because of the density difference between the particles and their carrier fluid. To overcome this defect, we developed a new type of controllable working fluid using grease as the carrier of magnetic particles. MR grease was introduced into a cylindrical damper, and the seismic performance of the damper was subsequently studied via numerical analysis. The analysis results of the MR grease damper were compared with those of other seismic dampers. We confirmed that the MR grease damper is an effective seismic damper.

关键词： MR grease damper seismic damper vibration control structural response FEM analysis